Defender William Gallas had a goal disallowed in France's final warm-up game before the World Cup, a match in which Les Bleus lost 1-0.
Chinese international Deng Zhuo Xiang scored the winning goal with a 68th minute free kick from 25 yards.
Gallas has been a doubt for the start of France's World Cup campaign after struggling to recover from injury, and even pulled out of a training session last week.
However, he played the full 90 minutes against China, with team mates and fellow Arsenal colleagues Abou Diaby and Bacary Sagna getting 22 and 45 minutes respectively.
The preparation for the World Cup has not gone according to plan, with Les Bleus' defence a worry, having conceded a goal in every warm-up match so far, scoring only two goals.
Gallas had a goal disallowed against China, though a draw would still be a poor result for the former world champions. The Chinese had failed to qualify for South Africa and were missing several regular first team players.
France have drawn 1-1 with Tunisia, and narrowly beat Costa Rica 2-1 in May.
As part of Group A, they take on Uruguay on June 11, then Mexico and hosts South Africa.
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